WASHINGTON — Amid the whirl of orders Donald Trump issued in the early hours of his presidency, one was conspicuous in its absence: new tariffs on Canada and Mexico. Trump had pledged to impose 25% tariffs on both countries on Day One of his presidency to pressure them to keep migrants and drugs out of the United States.

Another controversial executive order Trump signed was one aiming to cut off birthright citizenship. Critics immediately pounced on Trump, arguing people born in the United States are granted citizenship under the U.S. Constitution's 14th Amendment even if their birth parents migrated here illegally.

In the 6 p.m. hour, Mr. Trump signed more orders before a packed Capital One Arena, in Washington, D.C. Among them, a requirement that federal workers return to full-time work in person immediately, a freeze on all federal hiring, except by the military and some other excluded categories.