This review illustrates amino acid metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer, highlighting its role in tumor progression and clinical applications, including diagnostic imaging, targeted therapies, ...

The tumor microenvironment is not just a site of cancer growth—it is a high-stakes metabolic contest where tumor and immune cells vie for limited resources. Amino acids, once seen as passive nutrients ...

The review introduces the molecular subtypes of breast cancer and outlines how altered amino acid metabolism supports tumor growth. It explores key amino acid pathways—including glutamine, serine, ...

Amino acid metabolism in the TIME. The TIME is shaped by metabolic competition between tumor and immune cells. Amino acids have key roles in modulating immune responses and tumor progression. (A) ...