Explain why probability is important to statistics and data science. See the relationship between conditional and independent events in a statistical experiment. Calculate the expectation and variance ...

Many environmental sampling is often observed multiple spatially correlated variables at a given geographical location. For instance, multiple topsoil heavy metal concentrations, such as cadmium, zinc ...

This course builds a rigorous foundation of probability. Topics covered include: basic concepts of probability theory and statistics, counting, axioms of probability, independence, Bayes rule, ...

Mutual information, a general measure of the relatedness between two random variables, has been actively used in the analysis of biomedical data. The mutual information between two discrete variables ...